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        <h1 class="title">体验I3之美</h1>
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            <h4>TOC</h4>
            <ol class="post-toc"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#i3WM"><span class="post-toc-number">1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">i3WM</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#配置细节"><span class="post-toc-number">2.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">配置细节</span></a><ol class="post-toc-child"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-3"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#Workspaces"><span class="post-toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">Workspaces</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-3"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#Application"><span class="post-toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">Application</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-3"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#i3blocks"><span class="post-toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">i3blocks</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-3"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#compton"><span class="post-toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">compton</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#易用性建议"><span class="post-toc-number">3.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">易用性建议</span></a></li></ol>
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        <h1 class="post-card-title">体验I3之美</h1>
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            <time class="post-time" title="2017-03-20 00:00:00" datetime="2017-03-19T16:00:00.000Z"  itemprop="datePublished">2017-03-20</time>

            
	<ul class="article-category-list"><li class="article-category-list-item"><a class="article-category-list-link" href="/categories/Linux/">Linux</a></li></ul>



            
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            <p><img src="https://ol1kreips.qnssl.com/%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE_2017-03-13_18-50-11.png" alt="enter description here" title="截图_2017-03-13_18-50-11"><br>先晒张日常桌面图。Gnome3用了半年了一直被其蹩脚的交互和层出不穷的Bug所折磨。虽然Gnome3很漂亮，很简洁，但是毕竟漂亮不能当饭吃。套餐这种东西虽然简单省事，但是终究不是为你所量身定制的，总有其中一样不合你口味。因此，我决定再次抛弃“开箱即用”的DE(Desktop Environment)，在WM(Window Manager)的基础上自己打造一套适合自己的桌面环境。<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<h2 id="i3WM"><a href="#i3WM" class="headerlink" title="i3WM"></a>i3WM</h2><p>i3是一个比较知名的平铺式的窗口管理器（TilingWM），它可以通过快捷键来管理程序窗口，使他们像截图那样平铺在显示屏幕，控制他们的大小和位置。十分高效也有几分Geek的味道。<br>i3的所有配置全部使用shell写成，甚至顶部panel的各种指示器，都由用户自己写的bash脚本获得并显示。十分简单暴力。虽然没有图形界面那么直观，但是有一种一切尽在自己掌控之下的感觉。这种感觉其实是十分十分不错的。<br>我的I3WM配置文件托管在了<a href="https://github.com/stkevintan/i3dotfile" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Github</a>。</p>
<h2 id="配置细节"><a href="#配置细节" class="headerlink" title="配置细节"></a>配置细节</h2><p>I3配置文件的语法其实跟shell差不多，熟悉Linux的用户应该都能完全看懂。我的配置文件分为几大模块：</p>
<h3 id="Workspaces"><a href="#Workspaces" class="headerlink" title="Workspaces"></a>Workspaces</h3><p>工作区配置，我根据日常使用的程序类别一共设置了10个工作区(图标显示需要在本地电脑上安装Fontawesome字体）：<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">set</span> <span class="variable">$ws1</span> 	     <span class="string">"1: Browser"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">set</span> <span class="variable">$ws2</span>         <span class="string">"2: Code"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">set</span> <span class="variable">$ws3</span> 		 <span class="string">"3: Chat"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">set</span> <span class="variable">$ws4</span> 		 <span class="string">"4: File"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">set</span> <span class="variable">$ws5</span> 		 <span class="string">"5: Terminal"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">set</span> <span class="variable">$ws6</span> 		 <span class="string">"6: Video"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">set</span> <span class="variable">$ws7</span> 	     <span class="string">"7: Music"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">set</span> <span class="variable">$ws8</span>  	     <span class="string">"8:  Graphic"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">set</span> <span class="variable">$ws9</span> 		 <span class="string">"9: Game"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">set</span> <span class="variable">$ws0</span> 		 <span class="string">"0: Fullscreen"</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>然后，把属于各自类别的程序绑定到对应的工作区，这样打开这些程序的时候他们就能自动出现在合适的工作区了：<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">assign 	[class=<span class="string">"google-chrome-stable"</span>] 			<span class="variable">$ws1</span>   <span class="comment"># Browser</span></span><br><span class="line">assign 	[class=<span class="string">"vivaldi"</span>] 						            <span class="variable">$ws1</span>   <span class="comment"># Browser</span></span><br><span class="line">assign 	[class=<span class="string">"firefox"</span>] 					            	<span class="variable">$ws1</span>   <span class="comment"># Browser</span></span><br><span class="line">assign  [class=<span class="string">"(?i)code"</span>]                                <span class="variable">$ws2</span>   <span class="comment"># Code IDE</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># ...</span></span><br><span class="line">assign  [class=<span class="string">"dota2"</span>]         		                   <span class="variable">$ws0</span>   <span class="comment"># Fullscreen</span></span><br><span class="line">assign	[class=<span class="string">"Minecraft 1.8.9"</span>]		              <span class="variable">$ws0</span>   <span class="comment"># Fullscreen</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h3 id="Application"><a href="#Application" class="headerlink" title="Application"></a>Application</h3><p>在i3配置文件里面我们可以对常用的程序绑定快捷启动键：<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">bindsym F10 <span class="built_in">exec</span> xfce4-appfinder</span><br><span class="line">bindsym Print <span class="built_in">exec</span> xfce4-screenshooter</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># bindsym $mod+Return exec i3-sensible-terminal</span></span><br><span class="line">bindsym <span class="variable">$mod</span>+Return <span class="built_in">exec</span> pantheon-terminal</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">bindsym <span class="variable">$mod</span>+Control+t <span class="built_in">exec</span> telegram-desktop</span><br><span class="line">bindsym <span class="variable">$mod</span>+Control+g <span class="built_in">exec</span> google-chrome-stable</span><br><span class="line">bindsym <span class="variable">$mod</span>+Control+v <span class="built_in">exec</span> vivaldi</span><br><span class="line">bindsym <span class="variable">$mod</span>+Control+f <span class="built_in">exec</span> nemo</span><br><span class="line">bindsym <span class="variable">$mod</span>+Control+c <span class="built_in">exec</span> code</span><br><span class="line">bindsym <span class="variable">$mod</span>+Control+n <span class="built_in">exec</span> nitrogen</span><br><span class="line">bindsym <span class="variable">$mod</span>+Control+w <span class="built_in">exec</span> electronic-wechat</span><br><span class="line">bindsym <span class="variable">$mod</span>+Control+y <span class="built_in">exec</span> youdao-dict</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>然后，对于特殊的不适合平铺的窗口，可以直接设置它们为浮动窗口：<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">for_window [class=<span class="string">"Geany"</span>] floating <span class="built_in">enable</span> border normal</span><br><span class="line">for_window [class=<span class="string">"GParted"</span>] floating <span class="built_in">enable</span> border normal</span><br><span class="line">for_window [class=<span class="string">"Nitrogen"</span>] floating <span class="built_in">enable</span> border normal</span><br><span class="line">for_window [class=<span class="string">"(?i)virtualbox"</span>] floating <span class="built_in">enable</span> border normal</span><br><span class="line">for_window [class=<span class="string">"Youdao Dict"</span>] floating <span class="built_in">enable</span> border normal</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># ...</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>PS：可以使用<code>xprop|grep WM_CLASS</code>来查看正在运行窗口的class名称。</p>
<h3 id="i3blocks"><a href="#i3blocks" class="headerlink" title="i3blocks"></a>i3blocks</h3><p>i3blocks是I3顶部面板的一个可选组件。它使用ini格式的配置文件，支持多种终端脚本，还支持鼠标点击、滚动事件，十分强大。配置文件样本如下：<br><figure class="highlight ini"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">command</span>=~/.config/i3/blocks/<span class="variable">$BLOCK_NAME</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">align</span>=center</span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">color</span>=#ffffff</span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">separator</span>=<span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">separator_block_width</span>=<span class="number">13</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">markup</span>=pango</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">[disk-home]</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">label</span>=</span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">command</span>=~/.config/i3/blocks/disk <span class="variable">$HOME</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">instance</span>=/home/kevin</span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">interval</span>=<span class="number">30</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">color</span>=#FFCC80</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">[weather]</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">instance</span>=<span class="number">1808926</span> # hangzhou<span class="string">'s city code</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">interval=60</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">color=#90CAF9</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"># ...</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>主要字段解释：</p>
<ul>
<li>首先前面无section的parameters属于默认配置项，为每个section的缺省配置。  </li>
<li>然后每个section都对应顶栏上面的一个指示器，称为block。  </li>
<li>每个block必须显示一定的数据，可以通过command配置项指定获取数据的命令，并使用interval来设置命令执行周期间隔。</li>
<li>instance为可以传递到command脚本中的环境变量。</li>
<li>color和label为颜色和标签，属于修饰性的配置项。</li>
</ul>
<p>所有可用的block命令可以参考我的配置文件夹：<a href="https://github.com/stkevintan/i3dotfile/tree/master/blocks" target="_blank" rel="noopener">blocks</a></p>
<h3 id="compton"><a href="#compton" class="headerlink" title="compton"></a>compton</h3><p>compton可以给i3带来透明和阴影效果的支持。如果只关心性能而不介意美观与否，你完全可以跳过此节。<br>compton默认是不给顶栏加透明效果的，需要加入如下配置：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">wintypes:</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    dock = </span><br><span class="line">    &#123; </span><br><span class="line">        opacity = 0.8;        </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>同时，compton的阴影效果不适用于某些窗口，需要排除它们：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">shadow-exclude = [</span><br><span class="line">    &quot;name = &apos;Notification&apos;&quot;,</span><br><span class="line">    &quot;name *= &apos;compton&apos;&quot;,</span><br><span class="line">    &quot;class_g = &apos;Conky&apos;&quot;,</span><br><span class="line">    &quot;class_g = &apos;Firefox&apos;&quot;,</span><br><span class="line">    &quot;class_g *= &apos;fcitx&apos;&quot;,</span><br><span class="line">    &quot;class_g = &apos;Youdao Dict&apos;&quot;</span><br><span class="line">];</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="易用性建议"><a href="#易用性建议" class="headerlink" title="易用性建议"></a>易用性建议</h2><p>i3WM只是一个地基，我们可以在这之上搭建一个适合自己的环境。每个人的口味都不一样，所以我简单的罗列一下我个人比较喜欢的应用和配置以供参考。</p>
<ul>
<li>dmenu: WM下使用最广泛的应用启动器，可以自动根据用户输入的命令进行提示。</li>
<li>rofi: dmenu的替代品</li>
<li>quickswitch.py:  跨工作区窗口快速跳转工具，可以整合到dmenu中。</li>
<li>xfce4-appfinder:  xfce4的应用程序列表。能够自动搜索文件系统中的desktop文件，并生成应用列表。非常实用的工具。</li>
<li>pantheon-terminal: elementaryOS的默认终端。小巧，依赖少，支持背景透明、多标签，很完美的终端模拟器。（需要使用dconf-editor来修改设置，位置：<code>/org/pantheon/terminal/settings/</code>）</li>
<li>nemo: linuxmint的默认文件管理器，forks自nautilus，但是比nautilus好用得多。（使用之前需要使用dconf-editor设置<code>/org/nemo/desktop/show-desktop-icons</code>为<code>false</code>）</li>
<li>nitrogen: 提供简单的图形界面来设置壁纸并在每次开机之后自动恢复。</li>
<li>clipit: 剪贴板支持</li>
<li>lightdm: 轻量级图形登录界面</li>
</ul>

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